Suplementasi Kombucha melalui Penyemprotan Pakan pada Pembesaran Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

Hary Krettiawan, Syofriani Syofriani, Ulfauza Ulfauza, Fitrina Nazar, Mesenu Mesenu, Yernawilis Yernawilis, Ridwan Ridwan, Soenarto Soenarto

Abstrak


Penggunaan aditif pakan alami berbasis postbiotik seperti kombucha semakin diminati dalam akuakultur berkelanjutan sebagai alternatif antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi kombucha pada pakan komersial terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada fase pembesaran awal menggunakan metode penyemprotan. Benih ikan nila (bobot awal 2,09 ± 0,72 g) dipelihara selama 40 hari dan diberi pakan komersial (30% protein kasar) yang disemprot dengan kombucha pada empat perlakuan: A (kontrol, 0 mL/kg), B (1 semprotan pada 37,5 gram pakan atau setara 10,0 mL/kg), C (2 semprotan pada 37,5 gram pakan atau setara, 19,9 mL/kg), dan D (3 semprotan pada 37,5 gram pakan atau setara 29,9 mL/kg). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi kombucha berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot akhir dan panjang total ikan (P < 0,05). Perlakuan C (19,9 mL/kg) menghasilkan performa pertumbuhan tertinggi: bobot akhir 14,23 ± 3,31 g dan panjang total 9,50 ± 0,73 cm, masing-masing 58% lebih berat dan 23% lebih panjang dibanding kontrol (perlakuan A). Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C berbeda nyata dari kontrol (P < 0,05) dan merupakan dosis optimal, sedangkan dosis lebih tinggi (perlakuan D: 29,9 mL/kg) menunjukkan penurunan efektivitas, mengindikasikan efek hormesis. Kualitas air selama percobaan tetap stabil dan optimal. Survival rate 100% di seluruh perlakuan mengindikasikan bahwa perbedaan performa pertumbuhan yang diamati berasal dari perlakuan, bukan dipengaruhi oleh variabel lingkungan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemberian 19,9 mL kombucha per kg pakan (2 semprotan) sebagai strategi praktis, aman, dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya ikan nila.

Kata kunci: Oreochromis niloticus, kombucha, postbiotik, pertumbuhan, dosis optimal, metode penyemprotan


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35726/jvip.v6i2.7542

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